Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Syed Islam
Curtin University, Australia
Keynote: Technological Advances in Grid Code Compliance, High Penetration and Drive Train Diagnostics of Wind Energy Conversion Systems
Time : 10:00-10:30
Biography:
Syed Mofizul Islam received the B.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh in 1979, the M.Sc. and PhD degree in electrical power engineering from the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, in 1983, and 1988 respectively. rnHe is currently the John Curtin Distinguished Professor in Electrical Power Engineering and the Director of Centre for Smart Grid and Sustainable Power Systems at Curtin University, Perth, Australia. He received the Dean’s medallion for research at Curtin University in 1999. He received the IEEE T Burke Haye’s Faculty Recognition award in 2000. He received the Curtin University inaugural award for Research Development in 2012. He received the Sir John Madsen medal in 2011 and 2014 for best electrical engineering paper in Australia. He has published over 300 technical papers in his area of expertise. His research interests are in Condition Monitoring of Transformers, Wind Energy Conversion, and Smart Power Systems. He has been a keynote speaker and invited speaker at many international workshops and conferences. He has been a Visiting Professor at Shanghai University of Electrical Power, China. rnProf Islam is also the Dean International for the Faculty of Science and Engineering at Curtin University. He is a member of the steering committee of the Australian Power Institute and a member of the WA EESA board. He is a Fellow of the Engineers Australia, a Senior Member of the IEEE IAS, PES and DEIS, a Fellow of the IET and a chartered engineer in the United Kingdom. He is an Editor of the IEEE Transaction on Sustainable Energy and an Associate Editor of the IET Renewable Power Generation. He was the Guest Editor in Chief for the IEEE Transaction on Sustainable Energy special issue on Variable Power Generation Integration into Grid. He has over 4500 citations and his h-index is 29.rn
Abstract:
Wind Power Generation continues to grow and is the key contributor to large scale variable power connected to grid in the renewable energy generation mix. Utility transmission system operators impose stringent grid codes internationally. The emphases are given to low and high voltage ride-through capabilities, active and reactive power responses during and after faults, and reactive power (voltage) regulation. Rapid technological developments are in progress to meet various grid code requirements. In this paper, fault ride through techniques for all four types of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) are considered and some research studies are presented involving enabling technologies in grid code compliance, congestion management, and drive train diagnostics conducted at the Centre for Smart Grid and Sustainable Power Systems at Curtin University, Australia.
Keynote Forum
David Greenblatt
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology,Israel
Keynote: DBD Plasma Flow Control on Wind Turbine Blades
Time : 10:30-11:00
Biography:
David Greenblatt is an associate professor at the Technion’s Faculty of Mechanical Engineering. He obtained his PhD from Tel Aviv University in 1999 and since has held post-doctoral and teaching positions at NASA, TU Berlin and IIT (Chicago). His research interests focus on energy-related flow control applications, unsteady aerodynamics, active separation control and dynamic stall control. He has than authored or co-authored more than sixty journal papers and book chapters, more than a hundred conference papers and reports, and has been awarded numerous patents. He is the founder and director of the Flow Control Laboratory.
Abstract:
Recent demand has driven renewed interest in vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) due to their insensitivity to wind direction, proximity of the generator to the ground and low noise levels. A drawback of VAWTs is the dynamic stall their blades experience as they pitch beyond their static stall angle, resulting in power losses and large unsteady loads imposed on the drive train. During the last four years, our research group has made significant progress in controlling VAWT dynamic stall by means of pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators. We produce plasma pulses at frequencies that correspond to flow instability frequencies, thereby generating blade-spanwise vortices that transfer high momentum fluid to the blade surface. This ameliorates or eliminates dynamic stall. We constructed and tested small double-bladed VAWT with dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators installed on the upwind blade’s leading-edges. Introducing the pulses produced a 35% increase in gross turbine power. We complemented this study by performing particle image velocimetry measurements on the blades while subjected to pulsed plasma actuations and observed that the dynamic stall vortex was significantly ameliorated. Recently we have focused on feed-forward and closed-loop flow control and we achieved a remarkable net turbine power increases of more than 10%. Following this, we developed a scheme for switching between inboard and outboard control on the blades, thus facilitating both upwind and downwind dynamic stall control. Our present efforts are aimed at maximizing net turbine power output by means of closed-loop control and field-testing a 2 kilowatt proof-of-concept demonstrator.
Keynote Forum
Philip Totaro
Totaro & Associates, Germany
Keynote: The Next Generation of Wind Innovations
Time : fhgsfgs
Biography:
Philip Totaro is the Founder and CEO of Totaro & Associates, a market research and innovation strategy consulting firm based in Hamburg, Germany. Mr. Totaro is regarded worldwide as the foremost expert on wind industry technology and intellectual property matters. Mr. Totaro has a Bachelor's Degree in Aerospace Engineering and over 12 years of experience in strategic planning as well as creating and protecting intellectual capital. His strategic market analysis has led to the funding justification of over US$500M in R&D investment and the development of multimillion dollar product and service offerings. He has provided legal and technical due-diligence for over US$1.5B in M&A.
Abstract:
Over 11,000 innovations have been cataloged and analyzed related to horizontal-axis, utility scale wind including components, construction & installation methods, as well as O&M. This analysis includes the determination of the technology readiness level, likelihood of commercial adoption, R&D as well as commercialization costs associated with a specific technology, and lastly the cost and performance benchmarking and impact on LCOE.The blades, gearboxes, generators, and electrical systems of the wind turbines are the largest areas of focus historically, because these components represented the largest piece of turbine CapEx and they presented the greatest opportunity for LCOE reduction. Blades, drivetrain and electrical systems have also been the most problematic for turbine manufacturers and sub-component suppliers when it comes to component reliability, so they have garnered a great deal of attention and innovation to improve quality and performance.More recent trends indicate a focus on controls, foundations, construction methods, vessels, safety technology and O&M. Numerous of the fleet management technologies which are being developed in onshore will also have dual-use capability to impact offshore. Energy output optimization, remote inspection, predictive maintenance determination and scheduling will all have a profound influence on LCOE reduction below the 5 cent per kWhr threshold. Additionally, more certainty around component reliability would enable WACC reduction that would have a greater impact on wind LCOE than technology innovations to improve AEP or lower CapEx or OpEx. This aspect of innovation development will require deeper investigation along with the technology trend areas identified.
Keynote Forum
Peter Jamieson
University of Strathclyde, UK
Keynote: An Innovative Solution for Large Unit Capacity Wind Energy Converters Offshore
Time : 10:30-11:00
Biography:
Peter Jamieson has been a wind energy professional since 1980, responsible for wind turbine development and much involved in the design of the Howden wind turbines for a 26 MW wind farm erected in California in 1985. As senior principal engineer in Garrad Hassan from 1991 – 2013 he founded their Special Projects Department and since October 2009 has been employed as senior technology adviser in the Wind Energy Centre for Doctoral Training of Strathclyde University. His book “Innovation in Wind Turbine Design” (Wiley, 2010) reflects a career involvement in wind technology evaluation and development.
Abstract:
A 20 MW multi-rotor system, as developed in the Innwind.EU project, comprising 45 wind turbines of 450 kW rating is compared with very large single rotor designs. Having many rotors located on a single support structure, avoids a key upscaling disadvantage of the single large wind turbine. Swept area (energy capture value) increases as a square law whilst mass (cost) increases cubically. Huge savings in the total cost of rotors and drive trains (~80%) result compared to an equivalent single large rotor. Commercial risks (impact of a serial fault in production) are much reduced. Smaller turbines with standardized components, increased production volume and faster product development cycles all enable cost reduction and enhanced reliability. Power performance gains rather than losses in a large array of closely spaced turbines were found using vortex modelling and CFD. Yawing the complete system, comprising a lattice frame with turbines on nacelles tower on a jacket foundation, was determined as feasible and cost effective using a twin bearing system. O&M evaluation considered reliability and availability impacts showing overall cost reduction. An in-built overhead crane system avoids use of large jack-up vessels. A cost model independenly devloped in Innwind to assess a variety of innovations is employed and cost of energy reduction ~ 30% is predicted (without any account of the commercial impact of much reduced project risk). Limitations in the present level of design and analysis are ackowledged. Nevertheless, the MRS concept seems very deserving of accelerated research effort.
- Track-1: Wind Power Technology
Track-4: Wind Safety Measures
Track-5: Hydro power Technology
Session Introduction
Jay Lee
University of Cincinnati, USA
Title: Trends and Recent Advances of Industrial Big Data and Predictive Analytics for Wind Turbine Health Management
Biography:
Jay Lee is Ohio Eminent Scholar, L.W. Scott Alter Chair Professor and Distinguished University Professor at the University of Cincinnati. He is the Founding Director of National Science Foundation (NSF) Industry/University Cooperative Research Center (I/UCRC) on Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMS www.imscenter.net), which is a multi-campus NSF Industry/University Cooperative Research Center, which consists of the Univ. of Cincinnati (lead institution), the University of Michigan, Missouri University of S&T, and University of Texas-Austin. The Center has developed partnerships with over 85 companies from 15 countries since its inception in 2001. In addition, he has mentored his students and developed a spin-off company predictronics with support from NSF Innovation ICorps Award in 2012. He also serves as an invited committee member for White House Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) Advisory Group in 2013
Abstract:
In today’s competitive wind energy business environment, companies are facing challenges in dealing with big data issues for rapid decision making for improved performance and asset management. Many wind turbine systems arenot ready to manage big data due to the lack of smart analytics tools. U.S. has been driving the Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) and Industrial Internet to advance future industry. It is clear that as more predictive analytics software and embedded IoT are integrated in today’s industrial products and systems, predictive technologies can further intertwine intelligent algorithms to predict windturbine performance degradation and autonomously manage and optimize service needs. The presentation will address the trends of predictive big data analytics as well as the readiness of smart predictive tools to manage wind turbine big data to achieve resilient life cycle management with improved service value.
Yashwant Sinha
Robert Gordon University,UK
Title: A software package for maintenance management of wind turbines
Biography:
Yashwant Sinha has successfully defended his PhD at Robert Gordon University, UK. His topic of research was Optimisation of Offshore Wind Turbines Maintenance. Previously he did his MPhil from University of Cambridge and BE from Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, India. Currently he is engaged as a lecturer in the department of engineering at Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen. He has over 8 years experience of working in the services and maintenance industry. He has published papers on supporting wind turbine maintenance by using software tools. He is currently working on developing a ERP package for the wind industry.
Abstract:
The installed capacity of Offshore Wind Turbines (OWT) in Europe is likely to be 150GW by 2030. Maintenance of these OWT will incur £14billion/yr in 2030 if currently used maintenance stretegies remain unchanged. There is a need to shift from random to a novel maintenance scheme that is optimised for all types of wind farms. This will also require support of software tools and systems to collect, analyse and interpret data associated with thousands of components in OWT. In this work design of a software tool that can automate planning and management of OWT maintenance and control costs is presented. The tool is designed using a modified framework of Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA). This framework enables storage of component level failures for over 10,000 components and analysis of their potential root causes. The framework also enables estimation of the consequences of a failure based on 7 different parameters so that maintenance can be prioritised. In its present form the tool is able to correlate failures to their root causes and hence predict failure under different conditions. The database of the tool includes over 800 relationships between failures and their root causes for gearboxes and generators. This can be scaled for other components in an operational OWT and plan for predicted failures. The tool also contains other modules including recommending step by step maintenance strategy related to specific failures. A database of these maintenance strategies will reduce human errors during maintenance. Another modules of the tool are being developed to create an enterprise resource planning software package for wind turbines which will automate wind farm data management and cost effectively plan their maintenance. This will be enhancing the use of SCADA system data to detect failures and consequently plan maintenance.
Moudar Zgoul
American University of Madaba, Jordan
Title: Computational Aerodynamics Optimization of Wind Turbine's Blade Twist Angle
Biography:
Moudar Zgoul is an associate Professor of Mechanical Enginering at the American University of Madaba-Jordan. He has completed his PhD from the Unversity of Surrey – UK in Ammplied Mechanics. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals. He is the chairman of the Mechanical Engineering Department at the American University of Madaba.
Abstract:
Wind turbine blades are a major component in the wind turbine system as it captures the wind’s energy. The design of the blade is thus essential to ensure optimum energy harvesting. In this study, simulations using the finite element method were carried out to investigate the effect of the blade’s dimensions and configurations to obtain the optimum twist angle and shear webs separation distance as a function of blade’s chord length. During the aerodynamic analysis conducted on wind turbine system modeled with optimum real dimensions in terms of cost of energy generated (COE) suggested from previous literature, it was found that there is a linear relationship between the twist angles and shear webs separation distance. As the twist angle of the blade increases, the separation distance between the shear webs must be increased inside the blade to decreases the effect of the aerodynamic pressure affecting the top surface of the blade to avoid potential damage of the its structure. It was found that the optimum twist angle for the blade design is 22.5o with separation distance of 0.35% chord length.
Bijon Kumar Sil
The Awesome Place, Singapore
Title: Workshop on Domestication of wind engery through integration of house-hold fan
Biography:
Dr. BIJON has completed his PhD at the age of 30 years from University of Surrey, UK and postdoctoral studies from Kittasato University, Japan in Immunology. He is the director of The Awesome Place an emerging Technology based R&D organization. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and attened over 20 international conferences world-wide.
Abstract:
This study relates to the generation of electricity by mini wind generator through integration and utilization of air released from house-hold fan and its recycling The use of wind to generate electricity by wind turbine system is already established and is environmentally friendly. However a constant and uninterrupted flow of wind is one of the major challenges of this technology as it is difficult to manage natural air flow. The current invention (Singapore Patent: 10201600351U) is focused on a new technology by integrating house-hold fan with mini wind generator so that the system efficiently managed the flow of uninterrupted air, rotate blades and generate constant amount of electricity which later is stored in a power bank. This electricity is a renewable and/or recyclable either to run the mother fan or charge other electrical devices like mobiles, tablets and laptops and is called Recycle Electricity (RECEL). The prototype Model was developed using 12V-36V mini generator and 25Ws powered floor-type fan which generated around 45Ws electricity and revealed it promising commercialization. Integration of Model with 1 billion house-hold fans (currently used world-wide) could generate approximately 200TWh/year (45wx15hX300days) which is more than sufficient to charge 7.1 billion smart-phones (115TWh=15wx3hx365daysx7). This new capability will add important flexibility of generation and utilization of wind power electricity in a control fashion and bring the technology at the door step of end users. The technology enabling the double uses of house-hold fan: cooling the enviroment and generating electricity which could provide energy to the fastest growing mobile information technology and at large for the society.
Stefan Franzen
RWTH Aachen University,Germany
Title: Capabilities of wind turbine ground test facilities
Biography:
Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Franzen studied Mechanical Engineering with a major in “Development and Design “at RWTH Aachen University and graduated in 2013. Since July 2013 he works as a scientific assistant in the “Testing” team at the Chair for Wind Power Drives. Since December 2013 he coordinates the IEA Wind Task 35 "Full Size Ground Testing for Wind Turbines and their Components" as the Operating Agent. He is also head of the subtask "Nacelle Testing". Task 35 of the International Energy Agency Wind Technology Collaboration Programme aims to develop guidelines and recommendations for full size system tests of blades and wind turbine drivetrains.
Abstract:
IEA Wind Task 35 intends to address the demand for reliable and cost-effective ground testing of wind turbines. The experts from research testing facilities, OEMs, test rig manufacturer and certification bodies work together in Task 35 to develop recommendations for standardized test methods. Several public and private blade test facilities around the world are about to harmonize blade test methods, uncertainty estimation, non-destructive inspections and subcomponent testing for the advancement of the present certification processes and to improve extant basic test procedures. The recent established nacelle test laboratories (US, DK, GB, DE, CN, ES) collaborate to develop new kinds of tests for design and model validation as well as to facilitate and improve the type certification using ground tests. An overview of blade and nacelle test center is useful for the customer to compare common and unique testing capabilities. Significant blade test criteria include maximum blade length, excitation for fatigue tests and horizontal or vertical bending techniques. Nacelle test criteria include type, maximum torque and speed of prime mover, degrees of freedom, maximum forces and bending moments of the wind load application system as well as the grid load emulation capabilities such as fault ride through scenarios and the real time emulation of grid and the wind field. In near future both blade and nacelle test facilities shall be capable of performing the same standardized test with equivalent results at the same confidence level. The presentation gives an overview of the various nacelle and blade test capabilities, test approaches and benefits.
Manfred Mauntz
cmc Instruments GmbH, Germany
Title: Condition Based Maintenance of Offshore Wind Turbines - Identification of critical operation conditions & determination of the next oil exchange by 24/7 Monitoring of Oil Quality, Oil Aging and Additive Consumption
Biography:
Dr.Manfred Mauntz received his diploma in Engineering from the University of Kaiserslautern in 1982 and earned a doctorate with honors in Engineering from the University of Siegen. He has worked extensively in the analytical and process instrumentation industry. He is the founder, CEO and Head of Development and Research of cmc Instruments GmbH which develops and manufactures analytical and measurement systems.
Abstract:
A new oil condition monitoring system is presented for the continuous, online measurement of the wear in industrial gears, turbines, generators, transformers and hydraulic systems – escpecially suited to offshore wind turbines. The detection of change is much earlier than existing technologies such as particle counting, vibration measurement or recording temperature. Thus, targeted, corrective procedures and/or maintenance can be carried out before actual damage occurs. Efficient machine utilization, accurately timed preventive maintenance, a reduction of downtime and an increased service life and can all be achieved. The oil sensor system measures the components of the complex impedances X of the oils, in particular the electrical conductivity, the relative dielectric constant and the oil temperature. All values are determined independently from each other. Inorganic compounds occur at contact surfaces from the wear of parts, broken oil molecules, acids or oil soaps. These all lead to an increase in the electrical conductivity, which correlates directly with the wear. In oils containing additives, changes in dielectric constant infer the chemical breakdown of additives. A reduction in the lubricating ability of the oils, the determination of impurities, the continuous evaluation of the wear of bearings and gears and the oil aging all together follow the holistic approach of real-time monitoring of changes in the oil-machine system. By long-term monitoring and continuous analysis of the oil quality, it is possible to identify the optimal time interval of the next oil exchange – condition based. This results in enormous cost reduction, when the oil is still stable and fully functional.
Mohammad Sadegh Eslamipour
Mapna Generator, Iran
Title: Optimization Wind Power Production in Cold Climate and Icing in Canada
Biography:
Mr. Eslamipour has MS. Degree in Science of Industrial Engineering from USA in 1988. He joined Mapna Generator Co. in 1998. He was Project Manager of manufacturing of 4 units of 250MW Hydro generators for Upper Gotvand Hydro Power Plant in south of Iran. He worked in university as assistant research before he joint MAPNA. Mr. Esalmipour has written and presented over 30 papers for numerous conferences throughout his carrier. He was member of 2012 Hydro-vision Russia Advisory Board His project (Upper Gotvand Hydro Power Plant) was winner of Asian Power Award 2012, Bangkok, Thailand.He was paper reviewer for following conferences: Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Conference 2014 Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Conference 2015 The 21st International Conference on Information Systems Analysis an Synthesis 2015 2016 Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Conference. The 7th International Multi-Conference on Complexity, Informatics and Cybernetics IMCIC 2016
Abstract:
Wind energy play a major role in the solution to global climate .Because, can make a major contribution in the effort to protect environment, while protecting against fuel cost. Therefore, it is relatively safe to inflation. This paper is addressing the request of wind energy update organization (central information and networking platform for the Global wind industry) for research about technologies that can help to reduce the impact of cold climates which caused to loss 15% of wind energy production as a direct result of such conditions in Canada each year. This paper represents how to maximize operation time for turbines during periods of extreme cold and snow. Also discuss how to use highly valued equipment in wind turbine in-order to explore the latest advances on how to mitigate production losses resulting from icing as well as concerns raised over risk, structural failures, and cost models related to wind energy.
- Track-3: Wind Farms Construction
Track-8: Global trends in Renewable energy Commercialization & Investment
Track-9: Third Generation Wind Power
Track-10: Ocean Energy
Session Introduction
Nicolo Gionfra
Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, France
Title: Advanced Control for Wind Turbine Grid Connection Requirements
Biography:
Nicolò Gionfra received the bachelor degree in Electronic Engineering, and the Laurea Magistrale degree in Systems Engineering at “La Sapienza” University of Rome in 2011 and 2013 respectively, and the Research Master degree in Automatic Control at CentraleSupélec in 2013. He is currently a PhD student in the automatic department at CentraleSupélec. His research interests include wind turbine and farm control, renewable energies, optimal and nonlinear control.
Abstract:
In the recent years the use of wind energy as an alternative to conventional sources has significantly increased. The growth of installed wind power capacity connected to the transmission and distribution network made an adaptation of the grid code necessary. Indeed, as it is already being experienced in some countries such as Denmark and Germany, this new scenario no longer allows wind farms to simply inject the maximum power they are able to extract from the wind into the grid and to disconnect when a network fault occurs. As a result, a new set of grid connection technical requirements establishes some major constraints and performance that wind farms have to meet to contribute to the proper functioning of the electrical grid. In this work we refer to those involving grid frequency control, power curtailment and other active power injection constraints. Since conventional wind turbine modes of operation are based on maximum power point tracking (MPPT) at low wind speed and power limiting at high wind speed, new advanced control methods need to be employed to let the turbine function in different operating points that would ensure the satisfaction of the grid requirements. In this presentation, we show how, in Matlab/Simulink simulation environment, the proposed control architecture proves to fulfil the aforementioned active power constraints while outperforming classic linear controllers such as the PI one. Simulations for different scenarios of interest are carried out based on CART (Control Advanced Research Turbine) parameters.
Biography:
Yeny E. Rodríguez is a statistician from Universidad Nacional in Colombia, with a master degree in Industrial Engineer and PhD studies in Management with emphasis in Finance of Universidad de los Andes in Colombia. Her professional experience includes working in public entities in her country. Currently, she is an Assistant Professor in ICESI University, and member of the Research Group Investment, Finance and Control at the Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics of ICESI. Her research interests are electricity markets, risk management, derivatives, public policy, and corporate governance of family firms.
Abstract:
Currently, the weather is being affected by the ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation), the most important climate phenomenon on Earth due to its ability to change the global atmospheric circulation, influencing temperature and precipitation across the globe. Countries boarded by the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean suffer surface warming. Therefore, they can incentivize sources like wind, taking into account the complementarity that exists between wind and precipitation. The purpose of this presentation is to offer alternatives for such countries to design and to price wind derivatives, using different methods that allow a comparison in terms of price and the derivatives characteristics to hedge weather uncertainties. Weather derivatives are financial instruments of hedging used to reduce weather uncertainties. Unlike traditional financial derivatives, the underlying variable of weather is not a traded asset. Given that a market for weather derivatives is highly illiquid due to the location-specific features of the contracts and the limited number of agents interested in trading them, governments interested in promoting renewables must stablish measures to ensure growth potential. As well, power generators interested in producing energy with wind turbines may consider buying these instruments to hedge their cash flows against the risks associated with the variability of wind speed.
Ava Shahrokhi
University of Sheffield,UK
Title: The effect of the upstream wind conditions on the performance of a vertical axis wind turbine
Biography:
Ava Shahrokhi is a Research Fellow in the Energy Group in the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Sheffield. Dr Shahrokhi was awarded her PhD from the Department of Aerospace of the Amirkabir University in Tehran in 2009. Ava’s research area is generally on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and she is currently focused on large eddy simulation in wind resource assessment of urban and pre-urban areas. This is a part of a major project of design, manufacture and installation of small/medium wind turbines which involves several industrial and academic partners from all around Europe.
Abstract:
The effect of the upstream velocity profile on the performance of a rotating vertical axis wind turbine has been investigated using the SST k-ω turbulence model in unsteady flow conditions. This study is a part of the European Project New innovative solutions, components and tools for the integration of wind energy in urban and peri-urban areas (acronym SWIP, project no. 608554). Recently more vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have been installed in urban areas than before. This is due to the fact that VAWTs are more appropriate for urban regions than Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs). They are known to perform better in urban regions compared to horizontal axis wind turbines as they do not require alignment to the oncoming air flow. However, the wind flow speed in urban regions is substantially influenced by the structure of the buildings in the location that the turbine is to be installed. This includes changes in the angle of attack and formation of a vortex flow in the upstream wind that will alter the performance of the wind turbine. This work involves numerical simulation of the air flow around VAWT blades that is installed on the roof of a building. A turbulent velocity profile has been considered at the inlet which is exposed to the building obstacle before it encounters the VAWT. The computational fluid dynamics techniques will be based on Reynolds averaging of the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations (URANS). Since flow separation, and in particular dynamic stall, are key flow processes occurring in such applications, e.g. see the authors group previous investigations (Almohammadi, et al., 2012) and (Almohammadi, et al., 2015), the transient SST k-ω is the most appropriate turbulence model for wind turbine flow simulations with dynamic stalls. Therefore, this turbulence modelling scheme is utilized for the simulations of the VAWT. The results of the disturbed air flow around the turbine are compared with the case of an undisturbed wind at the inlet.
Djohra Saheb Koussa
Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables, Algeria
Title: Development of an Fuzzy Logic Manager and Controller for a Wind-Diesel-Battery Hybrid Energy System
Time : 12:45-13:05
Biography:
Djohra Saheb Koussa currently working as a Professor in the university Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables, Algeria. His Research area mainly includes the topic Energy Management controller.
Abstract:
The main objective of this work is to develop an operational control technique, based on using the Fuzzy Logic Energy Management Controller (FLEMC) and applied to a Wind-Diesel-Battery Hybrid System (WDBHS). The proposed system is modeled and simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK and FUZZY toolbox. The FLEMC is designed to work simultaneously with the commonly used ON-OFF controller, for optimizing the operation of the WDBHS under different wind speed. The proposed Fuzzy Logic Energy Management Controller (FLEMC) is proposed to supervise the input power and load demand continuously and to optimize the battery and diesel operation at various situations. The obtained results showed the great capability of the FLEMC in controlling the system.
Zongchang Liu
NSF I/UCRC Center for Intelligent Maintenance System (IMS) University of Cincinnati, USA
Title: Workshop on A Tutorial for Wind Farm Intelligent Prognostics and Health Management
Time : 13:40-15:40
Biography:
Zongchang Liu is currently a PhD student at University of Cincinnati Center for Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMS). He received his bachelor degree from Universith of Michigan in Mechanical Engineering, and Shanghai Jiaotong University in Electrical Engineering. His research interests include prognostics and Health management for rotatory systems, wind turbine, and battery systems.
Abstract:
The emerging wind energy market has been growing exponentially during the past decade. As the number of wind turbines increases rapidly, there are fast-growing concerns for their maintenance and health management. Prognostics of turbine performance degradation and incipient faults in critical components can thus offer improvements in availablity of wind turbines by enabling predictive maintenance. Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and condition monitoring system (CMS) have been widely adopted for such purpose. This paper provides a systematic framework for data-driven health prognostics of wind turbine, together with detailed analysis for different health modeling approaches adopted to various subsystems. Degradation asessment for turbine efficiency and incipient fault detection for drivetrain components will be highlighted. A Cyber-physical system architecture is further propsed to integrate data analytics, decision support, and maintenance execution to adapt to big data environment of turbine fleets. Demonatration and implementation process of the proposed system on National Instruments LabVIEW platfrom and Watchdog Agent Toolkit are also provided in the case study section.
V.B.Virulkar
Govt. College of Engineering Amaravati (MS), India
Title: Assesment of Sub-Synchronous Resonance in Series Compensated Type 3 Wind Power Plant
Biography:
Dr.V.B.Virulkar has completed his Ph. D from Vishveshwarayya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur (India). He is the Associate Professor in Department of Electrical Engineering of Govt. College of Engineering, Amaravati, India. He has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and conferences.
Abstract:
Series compensation of existing transmission line is the effective way of transmitting remote power. However, series compensation leads to the serious destruction phenomena called Sub-Synchronous Resonance (SSR). SSR in conventional power plant is well documented in the literature, however very scant information is available in the literature about SSR in wind power plant (WPP). On 22nd October 2009, SSR event occurred at the Zorillo-Gulf wind farms, during this event, additional transmission facilities tripped and numerous crowbar circuits of WPP failed. Until this event, it was believed that type 3 WPP is immune to SSR. This incident has established that type 3 WPP is prone to SSR. Most of the work has been carried out to asses and mitigate the SSR in type 1 WPP. Very few papers carried out work related to SSR in type 3 WPP, hence study of SSR in type 3 WPP is necessary to provide comprehensive knowledge of this subject. This paper reports the study of steady state and transient SSR in series compensated type 3 WPP. A first bench mark model is adopted with type 3 WPP for SSR studies. In this paper the effect of different parameters like wind speed, size of WPP and fault location is studied using electromagnetic transient simulation in MATLAB/Simulink to study SSR in series compensated type 3 WPP.
Boris Resnik
Beuth University of Applied Sciences,Berlin, Germany
Title: Concepts for an early identification of security-relevant defects in concrete bases of wind turbines in terms of Condition Monitoring Systems
Biography:
Dr. Boris Resnik is currently working as a professor in the Department of Civil Engineering and Geo information at Beuth University of Applied Sciences,Berlin,Germany.
Abstract:
Dangerous defects in the concrete bases of wind turbines are known to be caused not only by external factors, such as temperature changes or fatigue of construction materials over the time, but often particularly by constructional defects or design failure. The valid standards and guidelines suggest specific measurement methods and descriptions and evaluations of existing cracks in the concrete base. In recent years, the research results of the participating universities of this international research project pointed out the possibilities and limits of the applied methods. The goal of this cooperative research project is to pool the existing expertise of the project partners and to develop a new concept for an early identification of security-relevant defects within the fastening between tower and concrete base, in the form of a Condition-Monitoring-System (CMS). To apply existing techniques of a rapid alert system, specific algorithms have to be developed. Based on continuous measurements, these will allow a reliable and stable identification of significant deviations from the structure’s “normal behavior”. Extensive test measurements on selected structures with the newly developed methods, as well as classic, nondestructive testing, are planned to verify the possibilities of the developed methods and algorithms. It is shown that the proposed technique can detect changes of the structural behavior of wind turbine foundations and can be used for early warning systems in condition monitoring.
- Track-2: Wind Turbines Instrumentation
Track-6: Renewable & Sustainable Energy
Track-7: Solar Power Technology
Session Introduction
Martin Jackubowski
Seawind Ocean Technology, Netherlands
Title: Seawind 6- The Complete Offshore wind energy system to lower the CoE
Biography:
Martin Jakubowski is a serial entrepreneur active in the renewable energy sector since the late 80s. He has developed, built and operated hydropower plants and onshore wind farms in several European countries and set up green energy distribution companies among which Good Energy Plc in the UK, listed at the London Stock Exchange. In 2008 he installed with his long term partner Silvestro Caruso the world’s first floating wind turbine in the Italian Southern Adriatic Sea with Blue H. Since then he is developing the complete offshore wind energy system based on a proprietary two-bladed wind turbine technology.
Abstract:
Seawind Ocean Technology has developed a complete offshore wind energy system to bring the LCoE below 9 cents reducing CAPEX and OPEX and extending the life-time of the system to 30+ years. Seawind uses a two-bladed wind turbine head with an elastic teetering hinge, which prevents that the moments coming from the rotor action can reach the drive train. The drivetrain of the Seawind 6 only sees rotor torque, no bending moments and no gyroscopic momentum as the elastic hinge eliminates the gyroscope, which a wind turbine with a ridged rotor represents. This enables the Seawind 6 wind turbine to control the power of the turbine simply by yawing, not by pitching blades, reducing the complexity of the wind turbine. The elastic rotor coupling also reduces drastically fatigue and ultimate loads on rotor, drivetrain and the entire turbine structure. The Seawind 6 is designed for 25 years of lifetime and will operate 30+ years in the rough sea environment with a lifetime extension program due to very low fatigue values. The two-bladed configuration opens up assembly and installation methods based on sinking of the entire unit at the site, rather than constructing the offshore wind turbine at sea. Installation of the system and any maintenance operation do not require heavy and costly crane vessels or jack-ups. The system is designed to allow for maintenance and operation on board and has a double access: via sea and via the strong helideck for double engine helicopters mounted on the self-sustaining steel nacelle body.
Martin Jackubowski
Seawind Ocean Technology, Netherlands
Title: Seawind 6- The Complete Offshore wind energy system to lower the CoE
Biography:
Martin Jakubowski is a serial entrepreneur active in the renewable energy sector since the late 80s. He has developed, built and operated hydropower plants and onshore wind farms in several European countries and set up green energy distribution companies among which Good Energy Plc in the UK, listed at the London Stock Exchange. In 2008 he installed with his long term partner Silvestro Caruso the world’s first floating wind turbine in the Italian Southern Adriatic Sea with Blue H. Since then he is developing the complete offshore wind energy system based on a proprietary two-bladed wind turbine technology.
Abstract:
Seawind Ocean Technology has developed a complete offshore wind energy system to bring the LCoE below 9 cents reducing CAPEX and OPEX and extending the life-time of the system to 30+ years. Seawind uses a two-bladed wind turbine head with an elastic teetering hinge, which prevents that the moments coming from the rotor action can reach the drive train. The drivetrain of the Seawind 6 only sees rotor torque, no bending moments and no gyroscopic momentum as the elastic hinge eliminates the gyroscope, which a wind turbine with a ridged rotor represents. This enables the Seawind 6 wind turbine to control the power of the turbine simply by yawing, not by pitching blades, reducing the complexity of the wind turbine. The elastic rotor coupling also reduces drastically fatigue and ultimate loads on rotor, drivetrain and the entire turbine structure. The Seawind 6 is designed for 25 years of lifetime and will operate 30+ years in the rough sea environment with a lifetime extension program due to very low fatigue values. The two-bladed configuration opens up assembly and installation methods based on sinking of the entire unit at the site, rather than constructing the offshore wind turbine at sea. Installation of the system and any maintenance operation do not require heavy and costly crane vessels or jack-ups. The system is designed to allow for maintenance and operation on board and has a double access: via sea and via the strong helideck for double engine helicopters mounted on the self-sustaining steel nacelle body.
Nasser. M. Tandjaoui
University of Bechar, Algeria
Title: The role of STATCOM to Power Quality Improvement in wind Energy System Integration
Biography:
Nasser. M. Tandjaoui is working as a professor in the Departement of technology, University of Bechar, Algeria.
Abstract:
The renewable energy plays an important role to provide electrical energy other than conventional sources. Wind power is one of the renewable energy sources used to minimize the environmental impact on conventional plant; it is one of the fastest growing sources of energy in the world. However, when the wind power is connected to an electric grid may cause problems important in terms of power quality. The effects of the power quality measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behaviour of switching operations. The paper study demonstrates the power quality problem due to installation of wind turbine with the grid. In this paper, we propose a study of the importance use of STATCOM when it installed in a wind farm. The STATCOM is connected at a point of common coupling to mitigate the power quality issues. Simulation studies are carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink environment to examine the performance of the wind farm with and without the STATCOM for improving Power Quality of wind farms connected to electrical network.
Deependra Singh
Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, India
Title: Outlook of Grid-Integrated Wind Energy Conversion Systems
Biography:
Dr. Deependra Singh has completed his PhD at the age of 32 years from Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow India and postdoctoral studies from University of Roorkee; Roorkee Uttarakhand, India. He is the Professor of Electrical Engineering Department, a premier Government Autonomous Institute. He has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and conferences.
Abstract:
The growing trends in wind energy technology are motivating the researchers to work in this area with the aim towards the optimization of the energy extraction from the wind and the injection of the quality power into the grid. Efficient utilization of the wind energy has been an important issue. As a result, VSWT systems with the power electronics interfaces have increasingly drawn the interest of WT manufacturers. It is possible to increase the controllability of the WTs with the use of power electronics, which is a major concern for their integration into the power grid. This topic covers a concise overview of the grid-integrated WECSs. It covers the trends in converter topologies, control methodologies, and methods for maximum energy extraction in PMSG based WECSs, which have been reported in various research literatures primarily in reputed research journals and transactions during last few years. The back-to-back converter topology, which nowadays is state-of-the-art among power converter topologies used in WECSs, can be used as a reference so as to set a benchmark to the implementation of other converter topologies keeping in view the requirement of active switches and auxiliary components along with their ratings, the harmonic performance and the converter efficiency. As the power capacity of WTs is increasing, a trend towards the use of multilevel converter topologies in WECSs can be observed. While comparing the MSC and GSC control strategies, it can be concluded that the FOC and VOC control strategies are better as adapted; whereas, the DTC and DPC control strategies might be preferred so as to achieve high dynamic performance. It presents an overview to the grid interconnection issues related to output power smoothing and reactive power control in addition to fault-ride-through (FRT) and grid support capabilities of PMSG based WECSs. Moreover, looking at a glance towards the technology trends and status of research, it can be visualized that the two-level back-to-back converter and the diode rectifier based topologies; FOC and VOC methodologies; ORB and HCS based MPPT algorithms being the most researched concepts for PMSG based VSWTs. It is also recognized that the FRT capability of PMSG based WECSs being the most investigated grid-interconnection issue. After all, this topic is expected to be useful for not only the researchers working in the area of grid-integrated PMSG based WECSs but also the commercial manufactures and designers of the same.
Ehsan Ali
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakisthan
Title: Wind–water hybrid system for power generation using still waters
Biography:
Dr. Eshan Ali is currently working as a associate Professor in Center of Advanced Studies in Energy,National University of Sciences and Technology,Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Abstract:
The demand for fresh water resources is accelerating with the increasing population trends, the planners and policy makers have great concern with the depleting fresh water resources to meet the scarcity in coming future. Global warming is also a documented threat and causing sea level rise with the extra flow of water from glaciers through rivers. Hydro power is usually produced using flowing water from elevated level to the lower level, and sometimes water needs to be passed through the dams without any consideration if it is required for irrigation or not. Here, an innovative approach is presented to produce electricity using still/standing water in dams, lakes or ponds. The focal point of the report is to establish a wind–water hybrid system for power generation and recycling of same water without directing it towards oceans. This technology can be helpful to produce electricity from still waters, to use wind turbines in low windy areas and to promote existing tidal energy technologies.
Sri Niwas Singh
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India
Title: Estimation of Grid Harmonics in the Presence of Renewable Energy Sources
Biography:
Dr Singh has obtained his Ph. D. in Electrical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur in 1995. Presently, he is a Professor at IIT Kanpur, India. Before joining IIT Kanpur as Associate Professor, Dr Singh worked with Indian utility for 8 years and with AIT Bangkok, IIT Roorkee for 7 years. Dr Singh received several awards from India and abroad. Prof Singh is receipt of Humboldt Fellowship of Germany (2005, 2007) and Otto-monsted Fellowship of Denmark (2009-10). Prof Singh has published more than 400 papers in International/national journals/conferences. His research interests include electricity market, FACTS, power systems operation & control, power quality, wind power, etc. Prof Singh is FNAE, FIE (I), FIETE (I), FIET (UK), SM IEEE (USA). He is IEEE Region 10 Conference and Technical Seminar Coordinator 2015-2016.
Abstract:
Developments in the power electronics converter technology and control methodologies have been accelerated many folds in recent years and have made possible for the renewable energy sources (RESs) interconnection to the utility grid. Penetration of RES into the electric power system is growing rapidly across the globe owing to its environment friendly and several other important characteristics. The use of power electronics devices for interconnection of RES have resulted in severe harmonics pollution. Harmonics, apart from creating problems of equipments overheating, noise and communication interference at customer end, also increase the reactive power requirement of converters, damage filter capacitances, disturb controller functioning, increase losses in cables/transformers /machines, etc., and introduce unwanted torque harmonics in the rotating machines. The estimation of harmonics has become very important for design, analysis, tariff, control and monitoring purposes. Fourier transform based harmonics analyzer are available for the measurement of harmonics spectrum, however, it suffers from many limitations. As a result, intensive research has been focused on harmonics measurement and estimation in the recent years. This presentation briefly covers some of the important techniques of power system harmonics estimation along with scope and future challenges.
Saeed Zolfaghari
Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran
Title: Determination of Efficient Constraint for Wind Farm Penetration to the Power Systems Using a Cost/Risk Analysis
Biography:
Saeed Zolfaghari Moghaddam has received the B.Sc. degree in electronic engineering from Iran University of Science and Technology in 2006 and M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Tehran University in 2009. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree at the Amirkabir University of Technology in electrical engineering. His current research interests include wind farm modeling, wind farm planning, power system planning and operation and power system reliability.
Abstract:
Recently, there is a prompt growth in wind energy exploitation due to its remarkable merits. In the other hand, intermittent and uncertain nature of the wind energy remains as a main obstacle in efficient utilization of this type of energy which could affect lots of problems related to power systems involved wind power. Determining the optimum penetration capacity of wind farms is an important problem in power system expansion planning or in a power system which the total capacity of its conventional units are given. To solve this problem, two schemes could be used as a constraint to limit the wind farm’s capacity which are: 1) the maximum capacity of the wind farm is equal to a certain percentage of total existent conventional units, 2) the maximum utilizable power of the wind farms is equal to a certain percentage of the peak load. This paper by using a Cost/Risk analysis shows that the second scheme is more preferred. Monte Carlo Simulation method has been used to show the uncertainty of wind speed which is modeled by using Weibull distribution. Applying two mentioned schemes, the optimum penetration capacity of wind farm to a power system with definite conventional power units is planned. To do the risk analysis, different mean values are considered for wind speed and the total operational cost and penalty value of the power system is calculated. Numerical analyses conducted on the IEEE 24-bus RTS system. The obtained results are discussed in depth.
- Young Researchers Forum
Session Introduction
Ioannis Bouras
The University of Sheffield, UK
Title: The effect of grid resolution on large – eddy – simulations for the atmospheric boundary layer
Biography:
Ioannis Bouras is a year 2 PhD student in the Energy Group in the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Sheffield. Mr. Bouras completed his MSc in CFD course from the School of Engineering in Cranfield University in 2013. His main research area is on the atmospheric boundary layer investigating inflow generation techniques for LES/DNS and turbulence maintenance techniques throughout the atmospheric boundary layer.Ioannis Bouras is a year 2 PhD student in the Energy Group in the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Sheffield. Mr. Bouras completed his MSc in CFD course from the School of Engineering in Cranfield University in 2013. His main research area is on the atmospheric boundary layer investigating inflow generation techniques for LES/DNS and turbulence maintenance techniques throughout the atmospheric boundary layer.
Abstract:
Air flow around a building has been simulated by employing LES and Smirnov’s inflow generation technique. Accurate inflow data for LES are of paramount importance in order to obtain reliable results for the air velocity and turbulence levels. Otherwise, the flow shows a laminar behavior regardless of the Reynolds number and it requires several characteristic lengths to be recovered. Further, the initialization of the flow is among the top problems in wind engineering. In large eddy simulations, velocity and turbulence profiles provide detailed information which are necessary for the wind resource assessment of wind turbines or wind farms that are positional at any height throughout the atmospheric boundary layer from any commercial CFD software. One of the biggest problems with LES is that the turbulence throughout the inlet of the computational domain must be fully prescribed. The present work shows the characteristics of the flow around a building by employing Smirnov’s random flow generation technique for the inflow generation data. This study is a part of the European Project New innovative solutions, components and tools for the integration of wind energy in urban and peri-urban areas (acronym SWIP, project no. 608554). The building is located in Saragossa in Spain, where a wind turbine will be installed. The energy spectrum is analyzed at different locations in the computational domain and the velocity fluctuations generated initially at the inlet and throughout the entire domain are proven to maintain the turbulence within the entire computational domain. This is also confirmed by the distribution of normal and shear Reynolds stresses throughout the domain. Finally, the present work illustrates the effect of the grid resolution on the results.
Tomasz Szafranski
Military University of Technology, Poland
Title: Development and Strutural Numerical Analysis of Light Shell with Frame Diffusor
Biography:
Tomasz Szafranski received the BEng degree in 2013 and the MSc degree in mechanical engineering in 2015 from Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland. He is currently a PhD candidate in the Department of Mechanics and Applied Computer Science, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland. His areas of interest are renewable energy in terms of structural design, numerical modelling and simulation.
Abstract:
This paper presents development of a light shell diffuser with a frame intended for a small wind turbine (rated power of 3kW). The concept was created as an attempt to reduce the mass of the diffuser made of glass fibre composites which are the most commonly used materials for such applications nowadays. The geometrical shape of the diffuser, developed at Technical University of Lodz, was based on computed fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations considering turbine efficiency optimization for low wind speed conditions. The authors focused on developing an overall structural design, as well as detailed technical solutions (stiffener struts, connections, material forming issues). Subsequently, static structural finite element analysis was performed in order to assess stiffness and stress distribution. In this case, load conditions include pressure field from the CFD analysis and gravitational forces. The obtained results lead to a conclusion that the designed aluminium shell frame diffuser may be an alternative option for a composite diffuser. Moreover, the developed structure is characterised by lower mass and comparable stiffness to its composite counterpart. It is worth mentioning that, lighter diffusers allow a use of lighter supporting structures, such as towers or guyed masts. This fact may contribute to reducing the overall costs of future small wind turbines and could potentially be very beneficial for the market of privately owned small wind turbines. The study was supported by the National Centre for Research and Development in Poland within project “STOW” - Small Wind Turbine Optimized for Wind Low Speed Conditions. This support is gratefully acknowledged.
Michał Tomaszewski
Military University of Technology, Poland
Title: One and Double Sided Coupling Methods for Structural Analysis of Wind Power Blades
Biography:
Michał Tomaszewski has received the BEng degree in 2013 and the MSc degree in mechanical engineering in 2015 from Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland. He is currently a PhD candidate in the Department of Mechanics and Applied Computer Science, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland. His areas of interest are renewable energy in terms of computational fluid dynamics, numerical modelling and simulation.
Abstract:
Recent years were marked by increasing interest in harnessing renewable energy sources. Programs are made to popularize natural energy sources such as: solar energy, ocean waves, river water flow or wind. Great financial investments are made for wind power plants. Wind turbines as energy source were used for centuries, with the difference of converting the wind energy into mechanical energy. With years their construction and use changed, but the basic principle remained the same. Swift progress of numerical methods allowed constructors to determine how the construction will work even before prototyping. Issues with analyzing wind turbines are far from simple. Wind is a product of pressure differences. The turbine’s rotor is subjected to pressure causing strain in the construction. To simulate this, CFD software is required to create wind flow analysis. Such analysis provides us with knowledge about pressure distribution affecting the rotor’s blades and visualizes the flow line. To find out how much the blade will bent however, a structural analysis is required. Presented in the paper are analyses made with two different methods of coupling – one-sided and double-sided. A small wind turbine fitted with diffuser to increase the wind speed in front of the rotor was used in both analyses. A process of building the flow domain to most accurately reproduce the actual flow will be presented. The study was supported by the National Centre for Research and Development within project “STOW” - Small Wind Turbine Optimized for Wind Low Speed Conditions. This support is gratefully acknowledged.