Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Fulei Chu
Tsinghua University, China
Keynote: Condition monitoring and fault diagnostics of wind turbines
Biography:
Fulei Chu received his PhD from Southampton University in UK. He is now a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China. He is the Vice President of the Chinese Society for Vibration Engineering (CSVE). He serves as Member of the editorial Board for many journals, including Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, Journal of Vibration Engineering, and others. His research interests include rotating machinery dynamics, machine condition monitoring and fault detection, nonlinear vibration and vibration control. He has published more than 300 papers in peer review journals, including more than 30 papers in the Journal of Sound and Vibration and 25 papers in the Journal of Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. He has received many awards in China, including the Outstanding Young Researcher Award from Natural Science Foundation of China.
Abstract:
As one of the typical renewable energy sources, wind energy has experienced an immense growth with respect to both the turbine size and the market share and led to a rapid development of the wind-power equipments. Owing to the highly volatile rough working conditions in real wind farms due to wind gust, dust, corrosion and heavy yet unpredictable load, wind turbines are particularly prone to suffer failure and damage. Such damage can lead to a catastrophic failure of the entire wind turbine, and consequently heavy investment and productivity losses. Therefore, wind turbine condition monitoring and diagnosis become crucial. In this presentation, the development status of the wind energy all over the world, particularly in China, is briefly summarized. The research situations of the existing condition monitoring and fault diagnosis methods for the main failure components of wind turbines are then analyzed, such as gearboxes, bearings and blades. Finally, the problems to be solved and new development trend for wind power equipment monitoring and fault diagnosis are discussed.
- Green Energy | Energy Model | Waste to Energy| Renewable Energy | Bio-Fuel | Sustainable Energy | Energy Policies
Session Introduction
Samuel Hassid
Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
Title: Plenary Talk on Energy towers : renewable energy strategy for hot dry climates
Biography:
Samuel Hassid is in the Environmental, Water Resources and Agricultural Engineering Unit, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Israel. teaches and works on Climatology of Buildings. He is author and co-author of 45 scientific papers in Scientific Journals and 6 chapters of books. He is a member of scientific committee on Energy in Buildings in the Israel Standards Institution.
Abstract:
Energy (or Desert) towers are a renewable energy producing device suitable for hot and dry climates. They are based on spraying sea water from the top of a tower 500 m high. The sprayed droplets evaporate and thus cool the surrounding air creating a downdraft which moves electricity-generating turbines located at the basis of the tower. The air is subsequently delivered through a diffuser to the surrounding environment where the salt containing water precipitate to the ground. The Energy tower generates electricity without producing greenhouse gasses. It has been estimated that approximately 1/3rd of the gross power delivered by the turbines is necessary for pumping the sea water to the tower site and up the tower, whereas another 2/9th is lost to aerodynamic friction, leaving 4/9th as net power. The electricity is generated 24 hours a day (although at a much smaller power during the night) CFD calculations indicate that an energy tower with a 200 m diameter and a 600 m height may deliver a 250 MWe net electrical power and 250 GWh a year. In addition a by-product is desalinated water that can be derived from the cold humid air. The estimated cost of the generated electricity is estimated to 2-3 cents/kWh – which makes it competitive and clean, without green-house gasses. The major environmental effect is the precipitation of salt. Energy towers are suited for latitudes between 20 and 30° which are usually hot and dry.
Michael Burt
Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
Title: Plenary Talk on Marine floating wind and renewable energy complex: a novel technological paradigm
Biography:
Michael Burt, BA. Architecture & Amp; T.P. – 1963; D.Sc. -1967. Teaching and research at the Technion, 1963- 2006. 8 years Dean of the Architecture. & Amp; T.P. Faculty. Research: Structural Morphology; Marine Development. Books (Technion Publications) ‘Spatial Arrangements and Polyhedra with Curved Surfaces’…. (D.Sc. Thesis) -1966. ‘Infinite Polyhedra’ - 1974; 2005 ‘The Periodic Table of the Polyhedral Universe’ – 1996. ‘The Israeli Marine Option’….-2012 Dozens of Exhibitions in Israel & Amp; abroad. MUAR –Moscow – 2003 Arch. Biennale –Paris, 1969; representing Israel. AWARDS: Minerva Grant (1985). Japan Foundation Fellowship (1992). Pioneers Award, IASS, G.B. (2002). Israeli Architects Association Honorary Fellowship (2014), Synergy Collaborative Honors, USA – RISD, (2016).
Abstract:
The dramatic growth of energy world consumption and the evolving sustainability awareness and demand, go ‘hand in hand’ and already have considerable impact on world politics and it’s economics. Wind turbine farms strive ever higher, consume ever larger space, with more complex and costlier logistics for their delivery, erection, maintenance and ‘energy crop’ distribution. This paper reports about research and development results concerning a new design- implementation paradigm of Wind and Renewable Energy Harvesting Complex, situated in the Marine Environment on floating mega-platforms. The essence of the new approach may be summarized as follows: 1. compact (wing to wing) wind turbine arrangement on floating mega-platforms, capable of auto-rotating into the wind, with 30÷60 turbines, each. 2. the platform will support additional wave-turbine rows, solar panels, sea-current activated turbines and marine bio-energy farm. 3. the whole complex facility is produced –constructed-assembled in a coastal industrial fabrication plant and sea-transported-towed and moored in its site of function. 4. the platform, a semi –submersible mega-structure array, will be solved to support all energy storage, guide instrumentation, maintenance and energy crop handling. 5. agglomeration of 4÷6 energy generating platforms, when combined, will constitute massive marine power station. 6. the compact, multi-modal, marine renewable ‘blue energy’ power station is solved for stage-completion, rearrangement and relocation, if and when desired. In conclusion: all logistics of the power station, namely: construction, erection, transportation, mooring-anchorage, maintenance, supervision, energy harvesting and its delivery, are highly industrialized, thus raising dramatically its cost-effectiveness and economic attraction.
Zafer Aslan
Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey
Title: Role of climate change, small, meso and large scale factors on wind and solar energy potential
Biography:
Zafer Aslan has completed her PhD in 1987 and Professor Degree at KU in 1994. She visited University of Washington, USA; IFAand International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Italy as part of her Postdoctoral studies. She has been working at the Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul Aydin University since 2005. She is the Director of IRD and General Coordinator of EUA (European University Association) IEP (Institutional Evaluiation Programme). She is Member of Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World - The World Academy of Sciences is and the Board Member of OSTIV FAI. She received Paul Tissandier Award, Geneva in 2013, and Simons Associate Award, ICTP, Italy in 2014. She is the Editor of nine international journals. She has more than 100 national/international papers and 23 papers pubhlished in SCI journals.
Abstract:
This paper covers definition of local, meso and large-scale factors and climate changing role on wind and solar energy potential. Hourly and daily wind speed and solar radiation data define monthly and seasonal variations of wind and solar energy potential. The main aim of the paper is to define wind and solar energy potential variations at two study areas in Istanbul, (Asian Side: Kandilli and European Side: Maslak). Wind speed, solar radiation data cover the interval of 1911-2017. The paper presents some results on descriptive statistics, Wavelet applications, Speedy Model estimates and ANN (Artificial Neural Networks) simulations. Wind data makes use of the Weibull Distribution Function as a tool to represent the frequency distribution of wind speed. Solar energy potential analyses based on Wavelet shows the role of small, meso and large-scale factors on energy potential variations. Extreme winds are associated with large-scale events with periodicities between 5-20 hrs, 5-30 hrs, 30-45 hrs or 20-60 hrs in winter. Small scale and meso scale factors is associated with lower wind speed with periodicities changing up to 35 hrs. A Speedy Model approach was applied when estimating wind – solar energy potential at the site was assessed using a historical data for every 30 year period. As a conclusion available wind speed and solar radiation by using Speedy Model and ANN simulation approach realistic estimate of energy potential. This paper is dedicated to researching the potential wind-solar energy production in Istanbul. They show the role of climate changing on energy policy.
Anthony Amoah
Central University, Ghana
Title: Environmental consciousness and choice of bulb for lighting in a developing country
Biography:
Anthony Amoah obtained his PhD from the University of East Anglia, UK. He has since then been working with the Department of Economics, Central University in Ghana. His current research focuses on Environmental and Development Economics related issues. Apart from having several peer reviewed published papers to his credit, he is also a reviewer for some of these journals. Currently, he serves on some academic Editorial Boards as well as on non-academic boards in industry.
Abstract:
Most countries in the world especially those in Asia and Africa despite undertaking policies meant to help meet Sustainable Development Goal 7, there are still a sizable number of households who have not yet fully embraced energy saving technologies. This study provides highlights on the economic and environmental benefits for investing in energy saving light-bulbs. Using a survey and a multistage random sampling approach, we administered questionnaires to 1,650 households in Ghana. The relevant diagnostic tests associated with cross-sectional data were undertaken. We estimated a maximum-likelihood probit model with its associated marginal effects to find out how choice is influenced by environmental consciousness and other demographic factors. Our results are consistent with economic theory as well as what earlier empirical evidence found in literature. That is, environmental consciousness (both local knowledge and global knowledge), education, income etc. are very important in explaining the choice of buying energy saving light-bulbs in Ghana. Besides advocating for information that will make society more environmentally conscious, we further recommend the use of fiscal policies (i.e. subsidies) to support lower income brackets who are predominant in developing countries.
Mario Orestes Aguirre González
Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Title: Performance measurement system in wind farms
Biography:
Mario González - Graduated in Industrial Engineering from the National University of Engineering in Peru, specialist in Management of Technological Innovation, Open Innovation approach, master and PhD in Production Engineering from the Federal University of São Carlos. Research topics: Product and process innovation in wind and solar power chains. He has published articles with the themes: Open innovation applied in the wind energy supply chain; Impacts for the implementation of wind farms; Technological prospecting for wind power generation; Management of projects in the construction of wind farms and Technological prospecting for photovoltaic cells. Prof. Dr. González is the current editor of Product Magazine of the Brazilian Institute for Innovation and Product Development Management and leader of the Cri-Ação (Creation) research group at UFRN.
Marllen Santos - Graduated in Production Engineering from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte and Master in Production Engineering at the same institution. She currently develops research focused on the development of the supply chain of the offshore wind energy industry in Brazil. She has published articles with the themes: Performance measurement in the prospecting stage of wind farms; Key Performance Indicators for wind farm's operation and maintenance; Environmental impacts in the installation of wind farms; Wind farm’s operation and maintenance: challenges for increasing competitiveness; and Condition monitoring systems in wind farms. She has experience in Integrated Management Systems, Project Management and Performance Management of Wind Farms. MsC. Santos is technical coordinator of the Cri-Ação Research Group.
Abstract:
This paper aims to identify the factors affecting the use of Performance Measurement Systems in wind farms O&M to increase reliability and productivity. A case study was conducted with 7 Brazilian companies which together own 41 wind farms in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, which has the largest installed capacity in the country (32%). As a result of this research, have been identified: (1) The need of making efforts to define what indicators are important to measure. The performance indicators available in the literature are very specific, so it is necessary to analyse the main constraints that affect subsystems and equipment to define what should be measured. (2) Performance measurement based only on indicators defined in contracts. Due the terms of the Operation and Maintenance contracts the managers prioritize a specific indicator (Time Based Availability), at the expense of those who actually illustrate the farm's productivity. (3) Difficulties in monitoring the activities of contracted companies, and also obtaining and validating the results presented by them. The data provided by the contracted companies are not always sufficient and reliable, since they are linked to the possibility of incidence of contractual penalty. (4) Use of non-specific software. Software adapted from other types of industry and not suitable to the reality of wind farms encode the measurement process, rather than facilitating it, and this discourages its use by those involved. (5) Non-use of the indicators results for the decision-making processes and uncertainties about the strategies of action to be adopted when the indicators reach critical limits, generating a lack of commitment to future measurements. (6) Non-use of tools for wind turbine performance analysis. Generation losses in wind farms are generally associated with unavailability of wind turbines. However even in operation, wind turbines may be producing less energy than they should due to problems that cause power limitation. Although few companies use specific tools to make this kind of analysis feasible. In addition, performance analyses require access to raw turbine data, which are often not available from manufacturers. (7) Need to extract data from different systems and transform it into indicators. Most wind farms hire one company to operate the turbines and another to operate the electrical system. These companies use different systems that do not allow the direct exchange of data between them, leaving the responsibility for the managers to extract data from the systems and turn them into useful indicators. This makes it difficult to analyse data, especially in wind farms with a great number of wind turbines. The factors that affect the use of performance measurement systems in the operation and maintenance of wind farms are mostly managerial factors. Therefore, the development of a management culture focused on performance improvement and the training of managers in this theme can enable the successful implementation of this type of tool. The implementation of performance measurement in wind farms can enable the achievement of improvements in processes and increase operational efficiency, resulting in generation gains. With this, it is possible to increase the competitiveness of the wind power source compared to other non-renewable energy sources, contributing to the diversification of the national electricity grid.
Jens Peder Ulfkjaer
Aarhus University, Denmark
Title: Dynamic testing of high performance concrete for large wind turbine towers
Biography:
Jens Peder Ulfkjær has completed his PhD from Aalborg University, Denmark and Postdoctoral studies at the Joint Research Center in Ispra Italy. He is an associate Professor at Aarhus University and is working with fracture of materials especially ultra high performance concretes. He has published more than 40 papers.
Abstract:
Recently there has been an increasing interest in concrete towers for wind turbines primarily due to the fact that there is a larger demand for bigger wind turbines and higher towers, resulting in larger base diameters for these towers. Production of such towers in steel is complicated and expensive and so is transportation and erection of the towers on site. Instead smaller segments of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) can be transported to the site by trucks and assembled on site. UHPFRC is characterized by high and compressive strength combined with an extreme high fracture energy makes it possible to make wind turbine towers of heights of over 200 m. The two main concerns are the eigenfrequencies of the tower and the fatigue resistance. This study is on the dynamic behavior of an 31.2 m high experimental UHPFRC post-tensioned wind turbine tower. The dynamic stiffness of the whole system and the soil-foundation-structure interaction is determined using Operational Modal Analysis (OMA). In addition a series of low-cycle fatigue experiments have been performed. Experiments on beams in three point bending have been performed in a newly developed test set-up. Both static and fatigue loading were carried out. Due to the high fatigue resistance of the material, focus has been on low cycle fatigue. In the tests, it is seen that the descending branch of the static experiments can be correlated to the fatigue life, indicating static tests can be used for quality control of the fatigue life.
Jin Wei Kocsis
University of Akron, USA
Title: An attack-resilient communication architecture for grid integration of renewable energy resources
Biography:
Jin Wei Kocsis received PhD Degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Toronto, Canada, in 2014, MS Degree in Electrical Engineering at the University of Hawaii, USA at Manoa in 2008 and BE Degree at the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China, in 2004. She is an Assistant Professor in Electrical & Computer Engineering at the University of Akron, USA and the Director of the Cyber-Physical-Social System Design Lab. She worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow in National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) from April to July 2014. Her research interests include the smart energy systems, cyber-physical systems security and privacy, renewable energy integration, social networks, and cognitive wired/wireless communication networks.
Abstract:
In recent years, the increasing penetration of Renewable Energy Systems (RESs) has made an impact on the operation of the electric power systems. In the grid integration of RESs, data acquisition systems and communications infrastructure are crucial technologies to maintain system economic efficiency and reliability. Since most of these generators are relatively small, dedicated communications investments for every generator are capital cost prohibitive. Combining real-time attack-resilient communications middleware with Internet of Things (IoTs) technologies allows for the use of existing infrastructure. In this talk, I will present our work in developing an intelligent communication middleware that utilizes the Quality of Experience (QoE) metrics to complement the conventional Quality of Service (QoS) evaluation. Furthermore, our middleware employs deep learning techniques to detect and defend against congestion attacks.
Wei Peng Sheng
National Sun Yat Sen University, Taiwan
Title: Absorption coefficient of carbon dioxide near earth surface
Biography:
Wei Peng Sheng received PhD in Mechanical Engineering Department at University of California, Davis, USA in 1984. He has been a Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering of National Sun Yat Sen University, Taiwan, since 1989. He has contributed to application of heat transfer in manufacturing and materials processing, and atmospheric phenomena. He has published more than 90 SCI journal papers, given keynote or invited speeches in international conferences more than 120 times. He is a Fellow of American Welding Society (AWS) in 2007 and a Fellow of American Society of Mechanical Engineering (2000). He also received the Outstanding Research Achievement Awards from both the National Science Council (2004), and NSYSU (1991, 2001, 2004), the Outstanding Scholar Research Project Winner Award from National Science Council (2008), the Adams Memorial Membership Award from AWS (2008), the Warren F Savage Memorial Award from AWS (2012) and the William Irrgang Memorial Award from AWS (2014). He has been the Xi-Wan Chair Professor of NSYSU since 2009 and was an invited Distinguished Professor at the Beijing University of Technology, China (2015-2017).
Abstract:
Absorption coefficient of emission gases of carbon dioxide responsible for temperature in the troposphere layer, which is less than the altitude of 10 km in the atmosphere, is presented in this work. It has been well known that the solar irradiation within short wavelength range near the visible range can be absorbed, scattered and transmitted by the atmosphere and absorbed and reflected by the earth ground. The ground emits radiation in the ranges of long wavelengths. In the presence of carbon dioxide and other emission gases, the atmosphere acting as the glass of a greenhouse increases temperature of the atmosphere. Even though global warming strongly affects the life of the human being, the cause of global warming is still controversial. This work thus establishes a fundamental, systematical and quantitative analysis of absorption coefficient of carbon dioxide in the troposphere layer. Absorptions of carbon dioxide are considered in bands centered at 15, 10.4, 9.4, 4.3, 2.7 and 2 micro meters. The predicted absorptions agree with experimental and theoretical results in exponential wide band model.