Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Koji Hashimoto
Tohoku Institute of Technology, Japan
Keynote: For sustainable development of the whole world by renewable energy
Biography:
Koji Hashimoto is a Professor Emeritus of Tohoku University (Institute for Materials Research) and Professor Emeritus of Tohoku Institute of Technology, Japan. He has been working for 30 years for the supply of renewable energy in the form of methane to the world by electrolytic hydrogen production and subsequent methane formation by the reaction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen. He has published more than 560 papers and received various international awards mostly from Electrochemical Society and NACE International.
Abstract:
The atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has been increasing at the rate of about 1.85 ppm/year since 1970, and exceeded 400 ppm corresponding to the level in 3.5 million years ago. No current all living things have the experience to live in such climate. Extrapolation of recent increase in the world primary energy consumption indicates that all reserves of fossil fuels and uranium will be completely exhausted until the middle of this century. In order to avoid the crisis of intolerable global warming and no fuels for combustion we have to establish and spread the technologies to use only renewable energy by which the whole world can keep sustainable development. There are superabundant renewable energy resources on our planet. We have been performing research and development for about 30 years to supply renewable energy to the world in the form of methane by electrolytic hydrogen generation and subsequent formation of methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen. We created anodes and cathodes for water electrolysis and catalysts for carbon dioxide methanation. We constructed a prototype plant consisting of solar cell, water electrolyzer, carbon dioxide methanation unit, methane combustor with oxygen and piping connecting methane production and combustion units in 1995. We are recommending the construction of local energy supply system. The power generated from renewable energy will be used directly. The surplus electricity must be used for water electrolysis to form hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen will be used to form methane by the reaction with carbon dioxide. Methane will be used for regeneration of steady electricity at a natural gas power plant for covering shortage and leveling of intermittent and fluctuating power generated from renewable energy. For combustion of methane at the power plant oxygen formed by the water electrolysis will be used after dilution with carbon dioxide of exhaust gas, so that the it will be composed of only carbon dioxide after removal of water. Thus, carbon dioxide of the exhaust gas will be recycled for methane formation and oxygen dilution. Hot waste water of the power plant will be used in the local area for heating, farming and industries.
Keynote Forum
Per Ribbing
Uppsala University, Sweden
Keynote: Currents of electrons do not develop energy systems, currents of money do: facilitating ‘Consumer Power’ in deregulated power markets
Biography:
Per Ribbing completed his Master’s Degree in Engineering Physics at Linköping University, Sweden in 1989. He later entered into the area of Sustainable Development after a close encounter with oil wars. He was the Energy Advisor for the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation 1997-98 and worked with energy matters at the Nordic Eclolabel 2004-2010. He also runs his owned company; Perpetuum Energy & Environment where he is a
Public Speaker, Consultant and Educator. At present he is a PhD student at Uppsala university writing his thesis on Climate Change Leadership: the case for electrification. He has arranged monthly speaker pubs (ENVIRONMENTALE) for the NGO Swedish Engineers for Sustainable Development since 1996.
Abstract:
This article introduces a new paradigm for electric power, a new perspective on the product electricity. It aims to enhance the understanding of a possible sustainable development of power systems in deregulated power markets. The traditional perspective of the product electricity actually became out-of-date already in the early 1900’s. This new paradigm offers a possibility that could spur investments in energy efficiency and renewable energy and thus be disadvantageous for producers of non-renewable power, e.g. coal power. A deregulated power market is ruled by the laws of the free-market, i.e. Supply and Demand. It is not ruled by the laws of Ohm and Kirchhoff. To purchase the product electricity is to place an order of consumption beforehand, not specified in volume, space or time. The new understanding challenges the traditional paradigm of electric power. It is vital to note that the economical transaction; purchasing power, is strictly non-physical. The new perspective of the product electricity facilitates 'Consumer Power'. The driving force for this paradigm shift is identified as the increased awareness of the dangers of climate change. Very few people want to buy power generated from fossil fuels but because of the common confusion concerning the product electricity, people still buy it. A reduced demand for fossil power would impair the economy of fossil power plants and possibly halt investments in fossil energy.
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Picture text (e.g.):
Just as banknotes are anonymous agents for what money we have on our bank accounts, kWh are anonymous agents of what electricity we have chosen to buy.
- Wind Power Technology and Instrumentation|Green Energy|Wind Farms Construction|Renewable Energy| Sustainable Energy|Next Generation Wind Power|Energy Policies
Session Introduction
Francisco Orte Benedit
Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain
Title: Plenary Talk on Blockchain technology in the wind energy sector: an overview of potential applications
Biography:
Francisco Orte Benedit is currently a PhD student of ETSII, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain. He has spent the last 6 years working as a consultant in blockchain technology and its applications. Jose Manuel Mira McWilliams, associate professor at ETSII, completed his PhD in 1995 and has published 19 papers in statistics and quantitative models. Pablo Solana, PhD, is a consultant for renewable energies and has published more than 30 papers in scientific journals.
Abstract:
The development, construction and operation of a wind farm is a complex and long process involving many different agents. Disputes arising from interpretations of contract clauses are usually lengthy and costly. Unprecise definition of boundaries (both physical as well as contractual) is also a source for delays and extra costs. On the other hand, blockchain technology provides the framework under which a set of data can be irrevocably and undisputably arranged in a way that all parties can share it and add elements to the blockchain in a secure way which is validated by the system itself. One of the uses of blockchain is the implementation of smart contracts witch enable the execution of certain clauses without the need of a third party external assessment. Some of the contracts are exceedingly complex to try to reduce them to a set of simple rules, but the development of smart contracts for specific aspects can be of great help to increase the efficiency of a project. In this paper, we analyse the different phases of a wind farm project (from predevelopment works to operation and maintenance) and suggest smart contracts for those elements that can be singled out as suitable for this technology. We find that, at some stages, a formal input from a third party may be needed and suggests ways to automatize this. This hybrid character is not present, however, for the operation of the wind farm, where a sensible choice of sensors may confirm a fully automated system.
Byeong Hee Chang
Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Republic of South Korea
Title: Measurement technique of wind speed and direction with a rotating 3-axis ultrasonic anemometer for installation on wind turbine spinner
Biography:
Byeong Hee Chang has graduated from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in 1996 with PhD and worked in Korea Aerospace Reseach Institute (KARI). In KARI, he woked in wind tunnel design, construciton, and wind tunnel tests. Since 2016, he has been interested in this measurement technique with a roll-rotating ultrasonic anemometer for measuring wind speed and direction. In 2017, he did a validaton research with wind tunnel tests.
Abstract:
Generally, wind turbine anemometers are installed on the nacelle behind wind turbine. So, they are in the wind turbine wake flow and the measured wind speed and direction are influenced by the wake and different from the freestream’s. Recently, the ROMO Wind developed a spinner anemometer of 3 single-axis ultrasonic sensors installed on the spinner for measuring undistured wind speed and direction. In this study, it was checked if a 3-axis ultrasonic anemometer could replace the 3 single-axis ultrasonic sensors as a spinner anemometer. The technique is based on the coordinate transform from the rotating sensor axis to the fixed coordinate for measuring wind speed and direction. Its validation tests were done with a roll-rotating test stand in the Korea Aerospace Reseach Institute (KARI) Low Speed Wind Tunnel. Even after the coordinate tranform, small rotating effect still remains in wind speed and direction. But, after one revolution of wind turbine, its mean values were converged to the test values within certain limits. The mean values were not much afftected by RPM (revolutions per minute), but affected by yaw angle and wind speed. The less yaw angle, the errors decrease. Upto 20° yaw angle, the errors of the mean values from the test values were less than double of the sensor own accuracy. At 10° yaw angle, the mean value errors were 2.0% RMS (root mean square) in wind speed and 1.7° in wind direction. But, in high yaw angle such as 60° or above, the mean value errors were drastically increased. So, in real application, if initial yaw angle is too large for this measuring technique, it could be reduced with a conventional nacell anemometer to within 20° and then it could be aligned more preciously with this technique including 3-axis ultrasonic anemometer installed on the spinner. This concept will be applied and checked to some operating wind turbines in real field in near future.
P N Darde
Jaipur National University, India
Title: Harnessing non-conconventional sources to supply energy for far flange areas and challenges
Biography:
P N Darde has completed his M Tech from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and PhD in Civil Engineering from University of Delhi, India. He is a Member of several professional bodies and has worked in various capacities. He was General Manager, NHPCL, Chief Engineer for Hydro Projects. Before joining the university, he was Director/Principal/Dean at Hindu College of Engineering, Sonipat, India. He was also an Associate Professor, Water Resources Engineering at Arba Minch University, Ethiopia. He has widely travelled and had a few overseas assessments. He has authored several books and has also taught at Delhi College of Engineering for 12 years on hydraulic structures and irrigation engineering. His major expertise is in the planning, design and execution of hydropower plants.
Abstract:
Sources of energy which are used on large scale are termed as conventional sources of energy where as the energy sources which are used on small scale are called as non-conventional sources of energy. Green energy produced from non-conventional sources include small hydro power, wind power, solar energy, geothermal and energy produced from biofuel. Increase in land and air pollution during the conversion of energy sources of fossil fuel such as oil, coal and natural gas have their adverse effects on environment and ecology. Depleting quality of these sources raise the question of sustainability in the long run thereby compelled humanity to go in search of the other alternatives. In this context, the non conventional sources of energy have attracted the global attentions and evoked interest among policy makers as a viable option for sustainable development. Out of 120 crore population of India, 46% of them live in rural and far flange areas and survive on kerosene, wood for fire and cooking or nonconventional sources of energy as their primary sources. It is hurting to know that India loses nearly dollars 18 billion annually in power sector which is sufficient to provide 490 million free of electricity for a year through micro greed. As the world moves to cleaner energy sources and water becomes increasingly valuable commodity in many regions, it will influence the choice of energy options. Electricity production accounts for more than 50% global warming emission with the majority generated by coal fired power plants in the world. Natural gas power plants produce more than 10% total emission in the world. In contrast to this most renewable energy and nonconventional sources produce very little global warming effects. In these article efforts has been made to project the overall scenario of non conventional sources of energy and their utility in remote areas where conventional energy cannot reach. The energy produced by small hydro, solar and wind etc can find its place to cater to the needs of people living in rural areas. The article also refers the research and innovative measures required to be under taken to supply power to the masses in rural areas and it also highlights the challenges faced to supply energy to far flanged areas.
Kamyar Mehran
Queen Mary University of London, UK
Title: Improving the life-cycle of lithium-ion battery packs to support wind renewable fluctuation
Biography:
Kamyar Mehran received his PhD Degree in Newcastle University, UK in 2009. He is a Lecturer in Power Engineering at the Queen Mary University of London, UK. He has worked at the University of Warwick, Newcastle (UK) as a Research Fellow (2013-2015), University and Imperial College London (UK) (2010-2013) as a Research Associate and commercialization Manager for a spin-off company, OptoNeuro Ltd. Prior to his academic career, he collected over 8 years of industrial experience in companies like Sun Microsystems (Oracle), and National Iranian Oil Company. His current research interests include nonlinear dynamics, intelligent control/optimization of energy storage systems, high-switching power electronic converters, and home energy management systems.
Abstract:
Predicting and enhancing the life-cycle of lithium-ion battery packs has been the subject of studies towards the large-scale use of storage systems to store electrical energy during fluctuations and unpredictable behaviour of wind renewable. Battery pack is a group of cells which are placed in a parallel, series or matrix form to provide the required power. Life cycle prediction of a single cell is challenging due to the complexity of electrochemical reactions, thermal variability and the formation of SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) layers. Cell interconnections make the prediction more challenging as the electrical dynamics and thermal characteristics of each cell is different from the others. This work introduces random variability where the aging of a single cell propagates and reduces the life of the whole pack. The use of accurate electro-chemical modelling and wireless sensor/antenna system in real-time estimation of the critical cell parameters, i.e. state-of-the-charge (SOH), state-of-health (SoH), internal resistance, and temperature variation are investigated. The integrated system will significantly suppress the aging propagation and enhance the life-time of the pack.
Frank Ulrich Rückert
Saarland University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Title: Installation and design of a new wind tunnel for measurement of vertical axis wind Turbines (VAWT)
Biography:
Frank Ulrich Rückert has studied Process Engineering and received his PhD from University of Stuttgart in the field of combustion technology. He worked for over 12 years at Robert Bosch GmbH in pre-development, advanced design and computational fluid dynamics. In 2016 he got his professorship call for Fluid Energy Machines from Saarland University of Applied Sciences, Germany. He holds over 45 patents and has written several international publications.
Abstract:
Over the past few years, the University of Applied Sciences in Saarbrücken (htw saar) has carried out intensive research into small scale wind turbines, known as vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). The well-known problem with the design of these types is that they did not start to run automatically. The VAWT must be electrically driven to start, which is due to design problems. The reason was identified by our team with numerical simulations of detachment behaviour at the blades. However, this can only be clarified by means of detailed measurement. In order to compare simulations, and investigate turbines behaviour more deeply, a new wind tunnel was constructed from scratch at htw saar. The so- called Göttinger design was chosen as type of construction, which means that air circulates inside. Dimensions of the tunnel are 12 m x 3.5 m x 2 m. Air is driven by a 7 kW rotor placed on upper side. Its nozzle diameter is about 1.6 x 1.6 meter. The VAWT can be placed in this position. Access points are positioned for temperature, pressure and velocity flow examinations. An additional heat absorber is used to control the air temperature. Two windows positioned inside the nozzle chamber can be used to visualize turbulence effects and enable the qualitative measurement of the spatial position and strength of compressible air vortices with a high-speed camera. There is currently no alternative test rig know for these kind of experiments. Thus, qualitative and quantitative behaviour of the VAWT can be examined. The investigation in the transonic wind tunnel, as well as the adjustment with simulations of the VAWT will be used for validation and further design development.
Zhang Jing Xuan
Xinjiang Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd, China
Title: FEA simulation of synchronous belt: performance evaluation methods of key parts in pitch system
Biography:
Zhang Jing Xuan graduated from Tsinghua University in year 2005, and has 10+ years Finite Element Analysis (FEA) experience in Aviation, Automobile and Windturbine area. Focus on simulation methods study and solution of structural problems.
Abstract:
Synchronous belt is commonly used in the pitch system for wind turbines. It is a flexible pitch method and has a lot of advantages compared with hydraulic pitch system. Engineering methods is usually used to calculate the strength of synchronous belt, this is also the usual method in other industry. The disadvantage of this engineering method is that a lot of bearing capacity of the belt is wasted due to the large safety margin required by the methods. To fully utilize the capacity of synchronous belt, a more accuracy FEA (finite element analysis) method is developed to evaluate the strength of synchronous belt and estimate the remaining life time of belt on specific site conditions. This method could also be used in other industries with heavy and alternating loads.
Biography:
Dong Wook Shin has completed his PhD from Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Republic of South Korea in 2014 and Postdoctoral studies from SKKU Advanced Insititute of Nano Technology (SAINT). He is an Associate Research Fellow in College of Engierring, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, UK. He has authoured over 35 international peer reviewed journal articles, which have been cited more than 600 times (Web of Science) and has an h-index of 13 to date.
Abstract:
Wearable technologies are driving current research efforts to self-powered electronics for which novel high-performance materials such as graphene and low-cost fabrication processes are highly sought. We demonstrate the integration of high-quality graphene films obtained from scalable water processing approaches in emerging applications for flexible and wearable electronics. We developed a novel method for the assembly of shear exfoliated graphene in water, comprising a direct treansfer process assisted by isopropyl alcohol evaporation. We demonstrate that graphene films can be easily transferred to any target substrate such as paper, flexible polymeric sheets and fibres, glass and Si substrates. By combining graphene as electrode and polydimethlysiloxane as active layer we demonstrate for the first time a flexible and transparent triboelectric nanogeneragor for haversting energy. Our results constitute a new step towards the realization of energy harvesting devices that could be integrated with a wide range of wearable and flexible technologies and opens new possibilities for the use of triboelectric nanogenerators in many applications such as electronic skin and wearable electronics.
Kendrick Aung
Lamar University, USA
Title: Research, opportunities and challenges in low speed wind turbines
Biography:
Abstract:
Wind energy is one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources in the world. Installed wind energy is 74.5 GW at the end of 2015, almost thirty-fold increase from 2000 where the installed wind energy is only 2.5 GW. However, most of these installed wind energy is produced by large scale wind turbines that requires an averaged wind speed of about 12 to 15 5 m/s. That requirement put a limit on the opportunities for using wind energy in many areas and locations around the world. As a result, research studies on the low speed wind turbines that can operate effectively at wind speed of 5 to 6 m/s have become increasingly common. In addition, non-traditional methods of deploying wind turbines, for example, using them by the roadside to generate electricity, have been studied more recently. In this presentation, current state-of-the-art research on the low speed wind turbines will be presented. Based on these researches, future opportunities and challenges facing extensive deployment of low speed wind turbines will be explored and discussed.
Kevin L. Koudela
The Pennsylvania State University, USA
Title: Development and demonstration of an emergent net shape fabricated three blade composite one piece rotor for CAPEX and OPEX reductions
Biography:
Dr. Koudela has led the design, fabrication and demonstration of multiple composite and hybrid composite prototypes for operational evaluation and has taught courses in composites, structural analysis and finite element analysis at the Pennsylvaniate State University. Dr. Koudela has authored or co-authored 23 refereed journals and 43 technical proceeding articles and serves as a technical reviewer for the Journal of Composite Materials, Journal of Composites Technology and Research, ASTM, and ASME. Dr. Koudela was awarded the Navy Meritorious Civilian Service Award and was a co-recipient of the Defence Manufacturing Technology (ManTech) Achievement Award by the U.S. Office of Naval Research.
Abstract:
Marine hydrokinetic (MHK) turbines have shown promise as a method for harvesting energy from natural waterways. However, excessive fabrication and assembly and high life-cycle costs often preclude implementation of these energy harvesting devices. As such, our research is focused on mitigation of the implementation challenges by development and demonstration of a novel low-cost, net shape fabricated single piece composite three-blade MHK turbine rotor to minimize both Capital Expenditures (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditures (OPEX) to enable cost of energy improvements. We were able achieve these cost reductions by leveraging our successfully demonstrated rapid prototyping protocol, underpinned by our team-based concurrent engineering approach, whereby we incorporate all key technology disciplines including materials, design and analysis, manufacturing, non-destructive inspection, and test and evaluation from rotor concept formulation through delivery of the single piece composite rotor prototype. Our presentation provides a summary of the three key emergent technologies associated with our prototype development and demonstration evolution: 1) design for turbine rotor manufacturability using computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis; 2) single piece composite turbine rotor net shape fabrication; and 3) coupon and prototype threshold fatigue testing to ensure rotor structural robustness. This innovative team-based concurrent engineering approach enabled us to reduce CAPEX by eliminating complex assemblies and rotor machining while mitigating OPEX by use of non-corrosive e -glass/epoxy composite materials and implementing our state -of-the-art threshold fatigue design protocol to prevent onset of material degradation over the life of the MHK turbine rotor.
Biography:
Asfaw Beyene graduated with PhD from Warsaw University of Tech, Warsaw, Poland. He is a Fellow Member of ASME and currently serves as Director of the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency at San Diego State University, USA. His research integrates analytical, computational, and experimental techniques to address fundamental and practical problems of energy conversion. He has developed novel methods for wind and wave energy conversion. Over the years, he has attracted several millions of dollars in funding from NSF, DOE, US Navy, CEC, and others. He is the recipient of many research and teaching awards. He has authored significant number of refereed journal articles, conference proceedings, and technical reports.
Abstract:
Wind energy has emerged as a reliable technology, and as a renewable form, it has benefited from growing policy support which contributed to its sharp rise in share and market. however, the technology still faces some challenges, especially related to its intermittent and part-load operation. Off-design operation is a serious matter because system efficiency drops considerably at off-design loads, one strategy to address this challenge for wind turbine blades and obtain a more consistent efficiency over a wide load range, is varying the blade geometry. Predictable morphing of wind turbine blade in reaction to wind load conditions has been introduced recently. The concept, derived from fish locomotion, also has similarities to spoilers and ailerons, known to reduce flow separation and improve performance using passive changes in blade geometry. In this work, we employ a fully coupled technique on CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and FEM (Finite Element Method) models to introduce continuous morph to desired and predetermined blade design geometry, the NACA 4412 profile, which is commonly used in wind turbine applications. Then we assess the aerodynamic behaviour of a morphing wind turbine airfoil using a two-dimensional computation. The work is focused on resolving force distribution based on trailing edge deflection, wind speed, and material elasticity, i.e., Young’s Module. The computational and wind tunnel results will be presented together with a summary of the prospects for the industry.
Dhaifallah Muways Alotaibi
University of Exeter, United Kingdom
Title: A conceptual design of sustainable hospital in NEOM
Biography:
Engineer Dhaifallah has been graduated from National University of Science and Technology (NUST), as a Mechanical engineer. Recently, he has been studying MSc Mechanical engineering with management at Exeter University and he has continued his research in renewable energy.
Abstract:
NEOM, a £370 billion Megacity in Saudi Arabia is planned to be constructed in the border between this country and Egypt [1], to host a large population. This Mega-city is going to be built to embrace new technologies and lifestyle for the young population of this country. One of the main aims of proposing this green city is to fully supply its energy from the renewable sources such as solar power [2]. Therefore, recently the 200 GW solar power plant has been signed off [3] for supplying the energy requirements for the country. But one of the main users of the electrical energy is the hospitals, for which these solar plants need to have sustainable supply of electricity. The main purpose of this research is to analyse the technical possibilities of using fully green technologies for a conceptual hospital framework. In order to achieve this framework, different disciplines including the power supply, waste disposal [5] and energy wastage are going to be evaluated for the purpose of constructing a conceptual sustainable hospital in the new city of NEOM by considering its geographical location, climate conditions, transport facilities and the demand analyses based on the population demographic data. In this study, a combination of three renewable energy sources; solar, biomass, and wind turbine energy are evaluated by using the HOMER PRO software [6], to fully supply the required power of this modern city.